The annual Emissions Gap Report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) highlights a divide between rhetoric and action in addressing global warming, as well as the challenge facing governments at the COP31 climate summit, to be held in Turkey this November.
Even if countries fully meet their latest climate commitments, global temperatures could still rise by 2.6°C above pre-industrial levels by the year 2100, according to the report.
This would far exceed the landmark goal of the Paris Agreement—the global climate change treaty that aims to keep warming well below 2°C, while striving for a safer limit of 1.5°C.
According to the UNEP report, any chance of staying within the 1.5°C limit has been "lost" due to decades of insufficient climate action.
"The world can no longer avoid exceeding the 1.5-degree limit, and the consequences are already devastating," stated UN Secretary-General António Guterres in a statement released to mark the launch of the report.
"Deadly floods, brutal heatwaves, devastating wildfires, lives lost, economies paralyzed, deepening inequalities—and those with the least responsibility are the ones who suffer first and most intensely," he warned.
Overall, global greenhouse gas emissions in 2025 remained virtually at the same level as the record highs of 2024, with the difference between the two years being too small to discern, according to the report.
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